Dickens View of the World Shown Through the Narration of...

Dickens View of the World Shown Through the Narration of Pip in Great Expectations Reading the opening chapter of Great Expectations demonstrates something of the extraordinary range and power of Dickens language. After a brief statement about his self-naming, which in itself is important as it instigates the whole debate about identity in the novel, Pip goes on to entertain us with an amusing description of his family graves, their inscriptions, and what he, as a small boy, made of them. The older, more sophisticated narrator explores the imaginative but essentially innocent mind of his younger self with a wit and vocabulary that is anything but childlike. This introduction into young Pips†¦show more content†¦This tension between an urbane, educated, retrospective narrative voice and other, more urgent forms of direct speech is a feature of the book throughout. The dominant tone is that of Pip telling his story, but there are a great variety of other languages, different voices and more eccentric styles within this dominant discourse. This is not to suggest that Pips own voice lacks range and variety. As we can see, he can investigate his own childish terror vividly, but he can also recreate Pumblechooks nemesis with the tar-water to great comic effect. Pumblechooks appalling spasmodic whooping-cough dance, his plunging and expectorating is described from a childs point of view but with an educated adults syntax and vocabulary. As narrator, Pip has a sharp way with irony, particularly when it is directed against his own pretensions. Despite the humour and the comic episodes, the prevailing tone of Pips narration is one of resigned melancholy. Sometimes the reader feels like an eavesdropper listening to the mature Pips reflection on his earlier self. We are persuaded that Pip is explaining the matter to himself as much as to us, his readers. At other times, like the final paragraph of chapter 9, he addresses us more directly. Dickens is at pains to make us share Pips trials and tribulations; he wishes toShow MoreRelated Laws, Crime and Punishment in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens3288 Words   |  14 PagesLaws, Crime and Punishment in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Great Expectations criticises the Victorian judicial and penal system. Through the novel, Charles Dickens displays his point of view of criminality and punishment. This is shown in his portraits of all pieces of such system: the lawyer, the clerk, the judge, the prison authorities and the convicts. In treating the theme of the Victorian system of punishment, Dickens shows his position against prisons, transportation and deathRead MoreGreat Expectations: the World of Laws, Crime and Punishment3378 Words   |  14 PagescenterbThe World of Laws, Crime and Punishment in Great Expectations/b/center brGreat Expectations criticises the Victorian judicial and penal system. Through the novel, Charles Dickens displays his point of view of criminality and punishment. This is shown in his portraits of all pieces of such system: the lawyer, the clerk, the judge, the prison authorities and the convicts. In treating the theme of the Victorian system of punishment, Dickens shows his position against prisons, transportationRead MoreCharles John Huffam Dickens Great Expectations2301 Words   |  10 PagesCharles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England to Elizabeth and John Dickens. He came from a large middle class family that suffered from debt and received schooling from Wellington House Academy. After completing his education he pursued a career as a freelance reporter for Parliament and a clerk at a law firm. His career as a reporter provided a gateway to his embarkment as a full time novelist who produced complex works at an incredible rate. His career took offRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagescommentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful

Perfume Loved by Women - 881 Words

Feel what’s real Perfumes have been loved by all generation of women by their each distinct scent. Their unique odors are the expressions of feelings, moods, and attitudes for who applied it. The Dior is one of the famous perfume manufacturers, and is considered to be noble and elegance. So does J’adore. The mainstay of the 30 seconds commercial is the well dressed woman, Charlize Theron, walking towards the camera. Her body shape, her dress, and her legs are flowing out of the commercial. On the surface, the commercial is selling the perfume; however, it is promoting the independence and dominance for women. The commercial starts at a gorgeous palace style lobby. The blond actress put her shape on show in the figure-hugging strapless maxi dress which featured with brown lace from top to bottom and slit from bottom up. Her hair is styled in a unique way to show her a higher class. From the image the commercial had given, we can notice that the setting is a night after the actress back from a party. She is elegance by her huge diamond necklace, her ornate earrings, and her high heels. She walks in slowly paces towards the camera and says out the slogans. Even the culture have been changed, the culture still respected women to be as baby dolls: slim, well-dressed, white, long hair, and dominated by men. Differently, Charlize Theron has demonstrated a figure of power during the whole commercial. She is throwing her jewelry away across the room, whipping her veil away,Show MoreRelatedThe And Its Effect On The Life Of Luxury, Freedom, And Wealth Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesinto producing accessories along with clothes such as perfume. Guess products represent the life of luxury, freedom, and wealth. Without the efficient techniques that Guess advertisements present, people would have never heard of any Guess products and never thought of buying them. Therefore, due to the spectacular, eye-catching, and glorious ads that Guess Company employs th rough advertising for perfume, Americans are familiar with Guess perfume and its amazing scent. More specifically, Guess SeductiveRead MoreThe Perfume Of Seduction : The Fragrance Of Madness Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesinto producing accessories along with clothes such as perfume. Guess products represent the life of luxury, freedom, and wealth. Without the efficient techniques that Guess advertisements present, people would have never heard of any Guess products and never thought of buying them. Therefore, due to the spectacular, eye-catching, and glorious ads that Guess Company employs through advertising for perfume, Americans are familiar with Guess perfume and its amazing scent. More specifically, Guess SeductiveRead MoreAdvertising Analysis: Parisienne Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesYves Saint Laurent has come out with an ad campaign featuring their new perfume, Parisienne. The ad features the world renowned supermodel Kate Moss dressed in a raven-black corset and pencil skirt. A dark, charcoal jacket is thrown over her frail shoulders and a light pink rose is caressed between her fingers. Her blonde locks are tasseled in a slightly messy hair-do while a few strands of hair caress her fair skin. Behind this beautiful model is the infamous Eiffel Tower hovering over her leftRead MoreFeminine And Feminine Colors Of Lavender And Camille Are Reserved For Females Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pageslavender and Camille are reserved for females exclusively. Victoria Frolova of Bois de Jasmin (a professionally trained perfume specialist), finds the notion of gendered perfumes to be socially constructed. Although the western world may be very dichotomous in perfume, this is not the case universally. In a perfume expedition to Middle East, she encountered a vender selling perfume. Victoria asked what the vender had for both male and female scents. The vender seemed confused, but eventually respondedRead MoreFashion During the Elizabethan Era Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneral outfits, but theirs were made of less expensive materials. Fashion during the Elizabethan Era was disciplined by the Sumptuary Laws. Clothing affected the lives of women greatly. Women wore many layers of clothing that could be hot and tight, making them uncomfortable. Different types of clothing were also used to make women seem more petite than they actually were (History of Fashion - Elizabethan). Many outfits included most of the following under layers: a smock, stockings, a corset, a farthingaleRead MoreIntroduction to Perfume Research1452 Words   |  6 PagesManufacture of Perfume Scent from Rosa Berberifolia Background of Research Why is it that women love perfumes as much as men love cars? According to (Smith and Wade, 2008) â€Å"There are studies that most of women’s reason for loving perfume is because of the pheromones their bodies produce. Often these scents or perfumes trigger the increase of how much pheromone a woman’s body will produce† (p.12) In studies carried out, nearly 80% of all women will make a perfume purchase at least each year. NotRead MoreCoco Chanel Bibliography1186 Words   |  5 PagesCoco Chanel At the start of the twentieth century, the idea of women in business seemed crazy. In those days, men held all the positions of power and made all the decisions about money. They believed that a woman’s place was in the home, looking after her children, cooking for her family and managing the house. If a woman needed to work she could perhaps find a job in a shop or in a factory, but she had no chance of working as a businesswoman or a banker or a lawyer. Women’s fashions in theRead MoreDoes Suskind Portray Grenouille as a Monster in Perfume Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesmythical creatures and mythic humanoids. Their main goal is to either protect or kill which is all done for a reasonable reason, but there is one monster that has murdered innocent people, with the purpose of creating specific scents. In the novel Perfume by Patrick Suskind, the author portrays Grenouille as a monster. Suskind has this character that willingly murders several people for their scent, no matter their age, size, or maturity. He is a monster because he misuses the power of scent to escapeRead More Chanels Influence On Fashion Essay866 Words   |  4 Pageswas impacted by Chanel’s phoenix like return to fashion after her retirement in 1953. Chanel introduced men and women to practical yet elegant styles. Although Chanel has been deceased for forty-one years her undeniable influence on fashion and women’s roles in society will be rem embered for generations to come. Coco Chanel was an iconic designer and continues to inspire men and women around the world. Like many successful designers Coco had humble beginnings as a hat designer in 1910. Her uniqueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Perfume Help Grenouille 1423 Words   |  6 PagesGrenouille is a character born destined to be a murderer, but he alone can’t accomplish it. Sà ¼skind offers him a plethora of characters that can help him in his journey to becoming a master murderer and perfume maker. The use of minor characters in the novel Perfume help Grenouille grow and develop into a murderer, like a tick, he leeches off others and uses them for personal growth. Grenouille absorbs the traits of his host, using them to keep him alive, they assist him in fitting into society,

Value and Purpose of Literature Free Essays

Value and Purpose of Literature Literature is expressed in varying ways, such as poetry, novels, history, biographies, and essays. Depending on which type of work you are reading, the purpose and interpretation is different as it is depending on the person that is reading it. The purpose of literature is to get a diverse set of people to read the same piece of work and comprehend it differently, but still have the same affect on them. We will write a custom essay sample on Value and Purpose of Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose also depends on the genre. History is a guide for the future; it helps us figure out future plans and to help us not make the same mistakes we did back then. Poetry and novels are more of an artistic way to entertain people or to get how you truly feel onto paper and see if anyone else could relate. Biographies and essays are more of an informational bit written to persuade or inform the reader of an occurring problem or of a person who is significant in the work they have accomplished. The Red Badge of Courage, written by Stephen Crane, is a fictional novel talking about a soldier in the Civil War that ditches the war to save his self and then feels guilty and goes back to become one of the best soldiers in his regiment. This novel was written clearly for entertaining the reader and for a little history lesson about who won the war. A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, is also a fictional novel about a young man at a school readying him for war where he finds what he is capable of. The value of literature is measured on how much the reader enjoyed the book. Reading is a pleasing way to pass the time for some people and can in many ways affect the way you live and the way you think. The value a book can have on a reader is unlimited. It can change the way people live with and influence each other, helps one understand the past and how the world has evolved, teaches a lesson that will inspire the reader to live a better life, and helps us asks questions related to the standards of a â€Å"good† life, but doesn’t always answer them. Literature is one way that humans can communicate their thoughts and feelings to one another. Though the genres, purposes, and interpretations may differ, it is a universal tool and usually affects the reader in more than one way. How to cite Value and Purpose of Literature, Papers

The Fundamentals Of Information Securities - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The Fundamentals Of Information Securities. Answer: Introduction A security plan of a system is the planning of any system for their security. It is a proposed plan that helps in the protection and management of the information system. This security plan even helps in creation of the security policy for any particular organization (Rhodes-Ousley 2013). The information technology environment or the organization gets utmost advantages or security for their organization. This security plan of the system is a specific formal plan, which eventually defines the activity plan for securing the information system or computer. It gives a proper and systematic approach for the protection of systems from being utilized by any kind of hackers or unauthorized users (Peltier 2016). Moreover, this plan even helps in securing from virus attacks, spoofing attack and sniffing attacks. The following report outlines a brief description on the entire concept of security plan. An international retailer of supermarket has made a four level supermarket in Singapore. The head of Asia has hired a security expert for the super market (Vacca 2012). This report describes about a security plan that is practical, logical, rational as well as cost effective in nature. Probable causes for the threats in security of an organization and recommended measures are also given here. Discussion Case Study A popular or famous international retailer of supermarkets has made a supermarket. It is of four levels and it is assumed that it will remain open for twenty four hours in a day. The entire construction of the building is completed and now the project team is thinking of completing the cables, fittings and the infrastructure (Crossler et al. 2013). The Head of Asia operations in the main management of the supermarket in Singapore. However, he is not sure of the security plan of the supermarket. He have hired a security lead for the security operations in the supermarket and the security expert will have to make a plan for the security system. The supermarket is supposed to start in next three months. Security Plan for Head of Asia Purpose The purpose of the security plan of the supermarket is to produce proper security to the information system and infrastructure of the supermarket (Andress 2014). The main aim is to provide significant and good security to all the persons working and the customers present. Security Systems The security systems are the most important part of the entire security plan of the supermarket. These security systems are responsible for the perfect security of the infrastructure as well as the information systems present in the supermarket (Kroenke and Boyle 2015). The security systems of the supermarket are as follows: i) CCTV: The Closed Circuit Television or simply CCTV is the most basic, essential and the simplest form of security of any building, office, supermarket and house. Popularly known as the video surveillance, it is utilized for the security of any building (Aloul et al. 2012). This Closed Circuit Television or CCTV captures the video of all situations with clear sound. It helps in the prevention of any intruder to the building, where CCTV cameras are installed. It transmits a proper signal to any particular place, within a set of restricted number of monitors. A person who will be sitting in the security or the surveillance room, will be checking the complete video from the cameras (Chou 2013). This will be the best security system for the supermarket in Singapore. Moreover these are extremely cheap and easy to implement and thus the cost of the plan will not be exceeded. ii) Intrusion Alarms: This is the second best security system for any supermarket. Intrusion alarms help in the detection of any intrusion in any building (Fragkiadakis, Tragos and Askoxylakis 2013). If anything is burning inside the building, an automatic alarm rings up and all the persons present in the building are alarmed. Moreover, this intrusion alarm also helps in detecting any type of policy violation. There is an inbuilt software that is present within the intrusion alarm and if anything is detected in the security policy, an intrusion alarm automatically blows up and all the persons are alarmed from this (Rhodes-Ousley 2013). Moreover, the security officers present in the surveillance room, check through the CCTV cameras and if they find out any type of threat they ring the intrusion alarms and notifies the other persons. iii) Armed Security Guards: This is the third best way of securing any supermarket. The security guards with arms in the hand will be extremely secure for the supermarket in Singapore. The supermarket should have proper-trained security guards with arms (Kayworth and Whitten 2012). They will have the responsibility of the entire security of the supermarket. Maintenance and testing Maintenance and testing is the final part of any security plan. The entire plan is the responsibility of the security lead and security expert. The security systems should be eventually supported by all possible means of security (Aloul et al. 2012). All the information systems and security systems should be maintained with utmost security. The equipments of the security system should be updated monthly and should be checked regularly. This maintenance and testing are done with utmost care and a special security expert should be hired for this testing. His responsibility will be checking the versions of the systems and update them systematically and also test the new systems that are proposed by the security lead of the supermarket (Chou 2013). Moreover, regular maintenance and testing helps in reducing the regular problems in the security systems and thus changing of the security system is not required. This in turn, makes the entire plan extremely cost effective in nature. This entire above mentioned security plan will be extremely helpful for the security system of the supermarket in Singapore as it will be practical, logical, rational and cost effective. Probable Causes The supermarket in Singapore can have various security threat or problems within it. The security systems should be protected in such a way that no intrusion can occur in their security system and information system (Rhodes-Ousley 2013). The probable causes of the security threats in any organization are as follows: i) Intrusion: This is the most basic and significant cause for security threats in supermarket (Papp, Ma and Buttyan 2015). Intrusion here means the unauthorized access or unauthorized entry to the security system of the supermarket. ii) Virus Attacks: This is the most vulnerable attack for any type of information system or security system for the supermarket (Chou 2013). These virus attacks are responsible for the vulnerabilities of the information system. iii) Spoofing: This is the third probable cause for the security threat in the systems. Spoofing attacks occur when a malicious party takes the name of an authorized user and acts as him (Fragkiadakis, Tragos and Askoxylakis 2013). All the confidential data or information is lost due to this and thus security system is under stake. Measures for Preventing Losses There are various ways for securing or preventing the losses of the security system. The measures for preventing the losses of the security system are as follows: i) Establishment of Passwords: Strong passwords can usually secure the entire security plan or the information systems of the supermarket in Singapore (Kayworth and Whitten 2012). The passwords should be changed in smaller span of time and thus this cannot be easily hacked by the hackers or intruders. ii) Firewalls: Strong firewalls are another important measure for securing the security systems or information systems of the supermarket (Aljawarneh 2012). The firewalls can easily detect and prevent any type of vulnerability or threat and thus the security system will be protected. iii) Antivirus: Installation of antivirus programs is the third probable measure for any type of vulnerability or virus attacks (Papp, Ma and Buttyan 2015). Antivirus programs are extremely essential for any security systems. iv) Regular Updates: The programs should be updated regularly and this regular updates will secure the systems with latest technologies. The above mentioned measures are extremely useful and necessary for the supermarket in Singapore and can be easily undertaken without any complexities. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, security plan is the most important security approach for any particular organization or information technology environment. The security plan is a proper and eventually a basic systematic approach that helps in securing the entire information system of a particular organization. It is initially implemented in the information technology environment of any organization. The security plan is always made by utilizing the security policy of the information technology environment as a specific benchmark. The above report has clearly defined the entire concept of a security plan for any particular organization. In this case, the organization is a supermarket in Singapore. The report has helped to understand the case study of the of a four level supermarket. They have hired a security plan for the successful implementation of the security plan in the organization. The report is the security plan, which is practical, logical, rat ional and as well as cost effective in nature. As the supermarket is brand new, the security plan is such made that it does not incur huge costs. There are various and several causes or reasons for the security threats in any security plan. These probable causes are also given in the report. Moreover, the report also comprises of all the possible measures that will help in the security of the organization. References Aljawarneh, S., 2012. Cloud security engineering: Avoiding security threats the right way.Cloud Comput. Adv. Des. Implementation, Technol., p.147. Aloul, F., Al-Ali, A.R., Al-Dalky, R., Al-Mardini, M. and El-Hajj, W., 2012. Smart grid security: Threats, vulnerabilities and solutions.International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy,1(1), pp.1-6. Andress, J., 2014.The basics of information security: understanding the fundamentals of InfoSec in theory and practice. Syngress. Chou, T.S., 2013. Security threats on cloud computing vulnerabilities.International Journal of Computer Science Information Technology,5(3), p.79. Crossler, R.E., Johnston, A.C., Lowry, P.B., Hu, Q., Warkentin, M. and Baskerville, R., 2013. Future directions for behavioral information security research.computers security,32, pp.90-101. Fragkiadakis, A.G., Tragos, E.Z. and Askoxylakis, I.G., 2013. A survey on security threats Management and detection techniques in cognitive radio networks.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,15(1), pp.428-445. Kayworth, T. and Whitten, D., 2012. Effective information security requires a balance of social and technology factors. Kroenke, D.M. and Boyle, R.J., 2015.Using Mis. Prentice Hall Press. Papp, D., Ma, Z. and Buttyan, L., 2015, July. Embedded systems security: Threats, vulnerabilities, and attack taxonomy. InPrivacy, Security and Trust (PST), 2015 13th Annual Conference on(pp. 145-152). IEEE. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Rhodes-Ousley, M., 2013.Information security: the complete reference. McGraw Hill Education. Vacca, J.R., 2012.Computer and information security handbook. Newnes.

A Biography of Civil War General Stonewall Jackson

A Biography of Civil War General Stonewall Jackson Stonewall Jackson - Early Life: Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born to Jonathan and Julia Jackson on January 21, 1824 at Clarksburg, VA (now WV). Jacksons father, an attorney, died when he was two leaving Julia with three small children. During his formative years, Jackson lived with a variety of relatives but spent the majority of time at his uncles mill in Jacksons Mills. While at the mill, Jackson developed a strong work ethic and sought out education when possible. Largely self-taught, he became an avid reader. In 1842, Jackson was accepted to West Point, but due to his lack of schooling struggled with the entrance exams. Stonewall Jackson - West Point Mexico: Due to his academic difficulties, Jackson began his academic career at the bottom of his class. While at the academy, he quickly proved himself a tireless worker as he endeavored to catch up to his peers. Graduating in 1846, he was able to achieve class rank of 17 out 59. Commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st US Artillery, he was sent south to take part in the Mexican-American War. Part of Major General Winfield Scotts army, Jackson took part in the siege of Veracruz and the campaign against Mexico City. In the course of the fighting, he earned two brevet promotions and a permanent one to first lieutenant. Stonewall Jackson - Teaching at VMI: Taking part in the assault on Chapultepec Castle, Jackson again distinguished himself and was brevetted to major. Returning the United States after the war, Jackson accepted a teaching position at the Virginia Military Institute in 1851. Filling the role of Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Instructor of Artillery, he developed a curriculum that emphasized mobility and discipline. Highly religious and somewhat eccentric in his habits, Jackson was disliked and mocked by many of the students. This was worsened by his approach in the classroom where he repeatedly recited memorized lectures and offered little help to his students. While teaching at VMI, Jackson married twice, first to Elinor Junkin who died in childbirth, and later to Mary Anna Morrison in 1857. Two years later, following John Browns failed raid on Harpers Ferry, Governor Henry Wise asked VMI to provide a security detail for the abolitionist leaders execution. As the artillery instructor, Jackson and 21 of his cadets accompanied the detail with two howitzers. Stonewall Jackson - The Civil War Begins: With the election of President Abraham Lincoln and the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Jackson offered his services to Virginia and was made a colonel. Assigned to Harpers Ferry, he began organizing and drilling troops, as well as operating against the BO railroad. Assembling a brigade of troops recruited in and around the Shenandoah Valley, Jackson was promoted to brigadier general that June. Part of General Joseph Johnstons command in the Valley, Jacksons brigade was rushed east in July to aid in the First Battle of Bull Run. Stonewall Jackson - Stonewall: As the battle raged on July 21, Jacksons command was brought forward to support the crumbling Confederate line on Henry House Hill. Demonstrating the discipline that Jackson had instilled, the Virginians held the line, leading Brigadier General Barnard Bee to exclaim, There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Some controversy exists regarding this statement as some later reports claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson for not coming to his brigades aid faster and that stone wall was meant in a pejorative sense. Regardless, the name stuck to both Jackson and his brigade for the remainder of the war. Stonewall Jackson - In the Valley: Having held the hill, Jacksons men played a role in the subsequent Confederate counterattack and victory. Promoted to major general on October 7, Jackson was given command of the Valley District with headquarters at Winchester. In January 1862, he conducted an abortive campaign near Romney with the goal of re-capturing much of West Virginia. That March, as Major General George McClellan began transferring Union forces south to the Peninsula, Jackson was tasked with defeating Major General Nathaniel Banks forces in the Valley as well as preventing Major General Irvin McDowell from approaching Richmond. Jackson opened his campaign with a tactical defeat at Kernstown on March 23, but rebounded to win at McDowell, Front Royal, and First Winchester, ultimately expelling Banks from the Valley. Concerned about Jackson, Lincoln order McDowell to assist and dispatched men under Major General John C. Frà ©mont. Though outnumbered, Jackson continued his string of success defeating Frà ©mont at Cross Keys on June 8 and Brigadier General James Shields a day later at Port Republic. Having triumphed in the Valley, Jackson and his men were recalled to the Peninsula to join General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Stonewall Jackson - Lee Jackson: Though the two commanders would form a dynamic command partnership, their first action together was not promising. As Lee opened the Seven Days Battles against McClellan on June 25, Jacksons performance dipped. Throughout the fighting his men were repeatedly late and his decision making poor. Having eliminated the threat posed by McClellan, Lee ordered Jackson to take the Left Wing of the army north to deal with Major General John Popes Army of Virginia. Moving north, he won a fight at Cedar Mountain on August 9 and later succeeded in capturing Popes supply base at Manassas Junction. Moving onto the old Bull Run battlefield, Jackson assumed a defensive position to await Lee and the Right Wing of the army under Major General James Longstreet. Attacked by Pope on August 28, his men held until they arrived. The Second Battle of Manassas concluded with a massive flank attack by Longstreet which drove Union troops from the field. Following the victory, Lee decided to attempt an invasion of Maryland. Dispatched to capture Harpers Ferry, Jackson took the town before joining the rest of the army for the Battle of Antietam on September 17. Largely a defensive action, his men bore the brunt of the fighting at the northern end of the field. Withdrawing from Maryland, Confederate forces regrouped in Virginia. On October 10, Jackson was promoted to lieutenant general and his command officially designated the Second Corps. When Union troops, now led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, moved south that fall, Jacksons men joined Lee at Fredericksburg. During the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, his corps succeeded in holding off strong Union assaults south of the town. With the end of the fighting, both armies remained in place around Fredericksburg for the winter. When campaigning resumed in the spring, the Union forces guided by Major General Joseph Hooker attempted to move around Lees left to attack his rear. This movement presented problems for Lee as he had sent Longstreets corps away to find supplies and was badly outnumbered. Fighting at the Battle of Chancellorsville began on May 1 in a thick pine forest known as the Wilderness with Lees men under heavy pressure. Meeting with Jackson, the two men devised a daring plan for May 2 which called for the latter to take his corps on a wide flanking march to strike at the Union right. This daring plan succeeded and Jacksons attack began rolling up the Union line late on May 2. Reconnoitering that night, his party was confused for Union cavalry and was hit by friendly fire. Struck three times, twice in the left arm and once in the right hand, he was taken from the field. His left arm was quickly amputated, but his health began to deteriorate as he developed pneumonia. After lingering for eight days, he died on May 10. In learning of Jacksons wounding, Lee commented, Give General Jackson my affectionate regards, and say to him: he has lost his left arm but I my right. Selected Sources Virginia Military Institute: Thomas Stonewall JacksonCivil War: Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson House

Week 1 - Discussion 1 Example

Week 1 Week 1 Human Resource Alignment Strategy Affiliation Introduction Business managers acknowledge that the workforce is critical towards success yet most organizations continue treating human resources (HR) as an administrative function instead of a major competitive advantage and shareholder value driver. The disconnection is often due to lack of tangible connection between the specific business and HR activities (Dreher & Dougherty, 2002). Therefore, why is it important to align HRM activities with the key business initiatives?When HR is properly or strategically aligned, it contributes to a financial bottom line and successful strategy. HR requires maintaining a strong administrative foundation to earn a place at the strategy table. The main advantage of the alignment is to close the gap. It gives a visual link between the key business objectives and HR activities. Closing the gap helps in improving the alignment between the business and HR strategy and assist HR group in operating more ef fectively and credibly. A strategic approach aligned with HR ensures that the company’s employees, abilities, and skills contribute to the business’ goals achievement. Thus, alignment is a powerful tool for prioritizing, focusing and communicating improvement initiatives, which can lead to increased shareholder value (Johnason, 2009).The main challenges that can face the alignment process include the nature of strategy and organizational culture (Collings & Wood, 2009). The nature of strategy impacts the process when there is uncertainty and complexity of objectives in the strategy. The organizational values and culture shape the human resource management practices. Therefore, the influence of bad cultural values mainly gets reflected in how good or quick the strategy can emerge in the HR practices that can be compatible with the proposed strategy.ReferencesCollings, D., & Wood, G. (2009). Human resource management: A critical approach.London: Routledge.Dreher, G., & D ougherty, T. (2002). Human resource strategy: A behavioral perspective for thegeneral manager. Boston, MA : McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Johnason, P. (2009). HRM in changing organizational contexts. In D. G. Collings & G. Wood(Eds.), Human resource management: A critical approach (pp. 19-37). London: Routledge.

Cultural anthropology and the Higaonon Tribe of Mindanao Essay

Cultural anthropology and the Higaonon Tribe of Mindanao - Essay Example Cultural anthropology refers to ‘the study of human society and culture,the sub-field that describes,explains social and cultural similarities and differences’.In order to study and interpret cultural diversity, Keesing highlights that cultural anthropologists must engage in ethnographic activity Ethnography therefore provides an account of a particular community, society and culture, and allows researchers to study local behavior beliefs, customs, social life, economic activities, politics and religion according to Kottak (2009). Introduction and Location of the Higaonon Tribe of Mindanao The Higaonon tribal population currently stands at an estimated 350, 000, and largely reside over five distinct provinces – Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte. They are traditionally a nomadic tribe, traveling from one mountain to another, looking for fertile soil for a fruitful harvest. The name Higaonon is derived from the words â €˜higa’ meaning   living, the word ‘goan’, which   means mountains and the word ‘onon’ meaning people. The Higaonon tribe has thus become known as ‘people of the living mountains’. Since ‘creation times’ the Higaonon are said to have lived in their forest home, undisturbed, managing the forest in a natural and harmonious way. Higaonon Tribe Dynamics The tribe consists of eight clans centred around the eight main rivers of the Higaonon’s ‘Ancestral Domain’. These clans are divided into the warrior and peaceful clans. However, both clans now exist in peace with one another. They follow a Datuship system of government, in which each Datu (generally an elder) is trained in distinct areas of expertise, e.g. in education or spirituality. However, the Datu always leads as an administrator, and never as a ruler. Social and Cultural Customary Laws and Sacred Teachings of the Higaonon The social and cultural dynamics of the Higaonon tribal people are governed by the customary laws of Bunkatol Ha Bulawan Daw Nang Ka Tasa ha Lana, which means ‘treasured unity’ or code of conduct. It is a sacred bond that unites the entire Higaonon people, who share a common root language, history and culture (Jong, 2010). These sacred teachings include; Don't go against the law Don't disobey the sacred orders Don't be an egotistic or self-centred person Don't compare yourself to others Don't be envious of others Asking and Giving is the greatest gift of Creation Love one another Live in Peace Equality among Men Listen to everyone Religious Teaching In The Higaonon Tribe The Higaonon tribes are very spiritual and believe that every living thing has a spirit that guides or animates its behavior. The forest is viewed as the Higaonon people’s ‘church’, in which they believe that their ancestor’s spirits live in the mother trees, watching over the land. Prayer rituals a re offered to deities over sacrifices of blood, in which chickens and pigs are usually scarified to ‘the forest spirits’. Human sacrifice does not form a part of Higaonon tribal religion. Tribal burials consist of a ritual washing and cleansing of the corpse in which jewellery and face and body painting decorates the dead body to allow the spirits to identify the dead person in question. This is followed by the cremation of the body, in which the smoke and fire is believed to release the spirit of the deceased. The Higaonon tribe are also true peace loving people, and have been given the name ‘weavers of peace’ (The United Association of Higaonon Tribes, 2011) This is because their strive for peace is expressed in their traditional woven fabric, the Hinabol. The

Ancient world artifacts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient world artifacts - Research Paper Example It was during this civilization that important inventions such as the wheel, the art of writing and communication, and the development and construction of cities were made (Pollock, 1999, Pp.3). The civilization flourished between 4000 – 1200 B.C., although the development and settlement of civilizations began as far back as in the 7000 B.C.E. during which the ancient Mesopotamians first learned to farm and herd cattle for livelihood (Armstrong, 2002, Pp.1). The artifacts studied for the purpose of this paper, include: The Sickle sword and the Cylinder seal with modern impression of a winged horse, both of which belong to the middle Assyrian period. The Assyrians were known for their cuneiform writings / inscriptions on clay as well as other instruments. The cruciform form of writing was a way developed during this period to record history and is found in several historiographic documents during this period (Thomason, 2005, Pp. 51). Overview of the Objects:? i) The Sickle Swor d 13th Century B.C. Middle Assyrian Period Source: www.metmuseum.org This curved sword belonged to the Middle Assyrian period, during the 1307 - 1275 B.C. in Mesopotamia. It is made of bronze and contains cuneiform inscriptions on it which mentions the name of the then ruler and King of Assyraia, thus indicating the period and the owner to whom it belongs. The sword has inscriptions on three different places i.e. on both the sides of the blade as well as on the edge / handle. It is called a ‘sickle’ sword because of its unusual curved shape (Bromiley, 1995, Pp. 1037). In ancient Mesopotamia almost all the swords used were sickle shaped and in fact, straight edged swords came into use much later after the end of the first millennium B.C.E. The unique quality about these sickle shaped swords was that they were considered to be very effective for slashing, rather than stabbing during warfare and the shape made it easier to harm the enemy (Bertman, 2003, Pp. 264; Bromiley, 1995). Another quality of these swords was that it was made from one single piece of metal, thus eliminating the need to attach a handle separately, which made it sturdier than the other types of swords (Gabriel, 1990, Pp. 44). The sickle sword first appeared during the Middle Bronze Age II in various places throughout Mesopotamia. It was believed to be an improvement from the battle axe which was used during the previous years. It was used during the reign of the Assyrian king Adadnirari I (Shalev, 2004, Pp. 55). ii.) Cylinder seal, 13th century B.C. Middle Assyrian period Source: www.metmuseum.org, Somervill, 2009, Pp. 22 These seals or 'stamps' were used during the middle Assyrian period as a way of stamping / signing important documents. The cylindrical object i.e. the pipe shaped objects were used to identify individuals. These seals were carved from various materials such as wood, limestone, ivory, and other similar hard materials / stones. The carving on each of these seals / stamps was unique just like signatures. The seals were used for marking goods, letters and for signing official documents. These cylinders first appeared during the 3500 B.C.E and were used continuously throughout the Assyrian period (Somervill, 2009, Pp. 22). These seals were considered to be one of the finest artifacts as well as a significant achievement of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization. The cylinder seals were first created by the Sumerians and were used in the

Understanding Cryptography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Cryptography - Essay Example Cryptography is somehow omnipresent going beyond the conventional environments such as banking systems, government communications among others (Christoff, 2009). Cryptography is now used in web browsers, cell phones, e-mail programs, embedded software, manufacturing systems, cars, medical plants, smart buildings among others (Christoff, 2009). Therefore, designers and system users need to understand comprehensively the concept of cryptography and how it is applied in order to appreciate its effectiveness in securing wireless networks and communication. According to Christoff (2009), cryptography is the study and practice of techniques for securing communication particularly in the presence of a third party (adversary). Essentially, cryptography is mainly concerned with the development and determining protocols that protect against the influence of third parties in communication and networking. It also analyzes protocols and mechanisms that are related to information security aspects including data integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation and authentication (Paar & Pelzl, 2010). Over the years, various techniques similar to encryption have been used as cryptography. However, modern cryptography borrows from disciplines of computer science, mathematics and electrical engineering among others. Cryptography is predominantly used in computer passwords, e-commerce, and ATM cards. It employs several tools and techniques to implement the security needed for the various applications (Christoff, 2009). OpenSSL is one of the tools of cryptography that implements the SSL and the TSS security protocols in the network (Viega, Messier, & Chendra, 2002). It is mainly used in many web servers to transmit packets in encrypted form rather than in plain readable text. Open SSL has a core library that is developed in C programming language and is used for the implementation of the basic cryptographic functions and the

Pediatrics and geometry

Pediatrics and geometry Pediatrics and Geometry Pediatrics are physicians who take care of children and adolescents. They take care of the patient since birth until the patients teenage years. Pediatrics have to do check ups, and examine the children and to make sure they are not ill. (1). They have to treat infections, injuries, many diseases and dysfunctions. Pediatrics also, have to do paperwork, they have to spend time doing administrative work, filling out forms, and sometimes teaching. In high school you need to take biology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry and calculus. You must have a3.5 GPA in order to get in med school. Then you need to go to the Med School. Take normal 4-year Bachelor of Science courses and on pre-med courses. (2) Pediatrics use math in their daily basis. They use the most common math such as multiplying, dividing, adding and subtracting. They have to use math to solve problems when treating their patients. When pediatrics are writing prescriptions they have to make sure how many doses give to child and it depends of the weight of the patient. If a pediatric is writing a prescription for amoxicillin for a childrens ear infection, they have to consider the children weight and the dose. For example: the standard dosage for amoxicillin is 45mg/kg divides in a twice a day dosage. If the baby weight 22 that is 10kg then the dose is going to be 225 mg twice a day. (2) They use geometry to calculate the childrens body mass. It helps them to determine if the children is underweight, overweight or in a normal weight. The standard formula for body mass is: (weight in kilograms)/ (height in meters) 2. (2) Pediatrics use math to check x-rays and CAT scans. (3) They need ho w to read x-rays so they can see what the problem of the patient is. Pediatrics is career that math is very important. They use the metric system, to do a lot of equations related to the patients and its medication. (3) When the pediatrics have to check a patient after a surgery in the stomach they use geometry when lay down a patient in the bed. They have to now the position in degrees. When the patient have something wrong with their lungs the pediatrics have to make sure they are in the bed the head has to be 10 degrees down and the feet need to be 10 degrees down.(4) Pediatrics use geometry when they treat Tympanostomy (an ear infection that involves having liquids inside the ear) they need to know about geometry. They have to know the measurements and how many degrees the tube has to be reclined. They have to be careful, when they make the incision. Children are more apt to this infection; therefore, pediatricians have to be very careful to prevent them from cutting somewhere else. (5) Pediatrics earn about $13 to $24 per hour. They earn anywhere from 60,000 to 400,000 a year.

Essays --

​For years humans and animals alike have relied on natural instincts to adapt in order to survive. The book call of the wild by Jack London centers around a dog named buck. Buck is large mixed bread who learns to use natural instincts to survive the harsh conditions during the Klondike gold rush in Alaska in 1897. The Klondike gold rush of 1897 is an example of the back to nature movement. The back to nature movement was initiated by President Roosevelt. He felt that America was too dependent on technology. The back to nature was generally an experience of survival. He felt that if people couldn’t survive in the wild, then they were becoming weak. The book emphasizes Buck’s parting from civilization and his entry into a more primitive world. Jack London tries to show the contrast between civilized life and primitive life. This contrast is prevalent throughout the novel. The story of Buck’s journeys in Klondike shows how he gradually sheds all the features that define his earlier life in human society to become a creature of the wild. Throughout Jack London’s book, ideas of Social Darwinism and the back to nature movement comes to mind because Physical strength, as well as dominance, is required in order for one to truly embrace nature and survive. ​In the book, the theme of man vs. nature is present. The Klondike gold rush of 1897 is an example of the back to nature movement. Set in the wake of the gold rush, the story shows how Americans found themselves moving up north in search of gold. They had to live their civilized setting and adjust to the harsh cold of the north where survival was only imperative. Man had to rely on basic instincts in order to survive away from civilization. For example, men like John Thornton have been a... ...re. People usually regain natural instincts in the process. He generated the idea that if humans go back to nature, they would become stronger and more self-reliant. In the wake of the gold rush, man had to venture into the bitter cold (back to nature). People like john Thornton thrived because they were able to key into their natural instincts. Jack also highlighted that over reliance on civilization makes one weak. This is shown when Hals, Charles and Mercedes die off because they were unable to use instincts to cope with the harsh situations of the wild. Because of this, buck was able to make the transition from lovable play pal to a skilled hunter. By getting in touch with his natural instinct, he was able to change his way of life and survive in the environment he found himself. Buck becomes wild and uses social Darwinism and survival of the fittest to survive. Essays -- ​For years humans and animals alike have relied on natural instincts to adapt in order to survive. The book call of the wild by Jack London centers around a dog named buck. Buck is large mixed bread who learns to use natural instincts to survive the harsh conditions during the Klondike gold rush in Alaska in 1897. The Klondike gold rush of 1897 is an example of the back to nature movement. The back to nature movement was initiated by President Roosevelt. He felt that America was too dependent on technology. The back to nature was generally an experience of survival. He felt that if people couldn’t survive in the wild, then they were becoming weak. The book emphasizes Buck’s parting from civilization and his entry into a more primitive world. Jack London tries to show the contrast between civilized life and primitive life. This contrast is prevalent throughout the novel. The story of Buck’s journeys in Klondike shows how he gradually sheds all the features that define his earlier life in human society to become a creature of the wild. Throughout Jack London’s book, ideas of Social Darwinism and the back to nature movement comes to mind because Physical strength, as well as dominance, is required in order for one to truly embrace nature and survive. ​In the book, the theme of man vs. nature is present. The Klondike gold rush of 1897 is an example of the back to nature movement. Set in the wake of the gold rush, the story shows how Americans found themselves moving up north in search of gold. They had to live their civilized setting and adjust to the harsh cold of the north where survival was only imperative. Man had to rely on basic instincts in order to survive away from civilization. For example, men like John Thornton have been a... ...re. People usually regain natural instincts in the process. He generated the idea that if humans go back to nature, they would become stronger and more self-reliant. In the wake of the gold rush, man had to venture into the bitter cold (back to nature). People like john Thornton thrived because they were able to key into their natural instincts. Jack also highlighted that over reliance on civilization makes one weak. This is shown when Hals, Charles and Mercedes die off because they were unable to use instincts to cope with the harsh situations of the wild. Because of this, buck was able to make the transition from lovable play pal to a skilled hunter. By getting in touch with his natural instinct, he was able to change his way of life and survive in the environment he found himself. Buck becomes wild and uses social Darwinism and survival of the fittest to survive.

Origin of Language Essay

Language is a means of communication that is made up of signs, symbols, and sounds or a combination of them. Signs represent something else like aroma and coffee, scent and flower, dark clouds and rain. Symbols are words we use to denote a thing or a being, such as man to mean person, dog to refer to an animal. Sounds are vocal emissions like laughter, sobbing, and groans suggestive of joy, sorrow, and pain. A more complex form of language is its organized system of semantics, syntax and phonetics. Spoken language is exclusive to humans. Language in whatever form continues to draw the interests of linguists, researchers, scientists and academicians, especially in the area of its origin. There are references in the Bible about language and communication. As early as the time of Adam and Eve, there was already some kind of communication and language between God and the both of them. In the temptation of Eve, the serpent communicated with her. There was only one language between Noah and his family. In the Tower of Babel, God was displeased with the people who refused to obey his command for them to spread out across the earth and so He gave them different languages. In the end they were forced to disperse to all corners of the world. This explains the why each geographic location have their own language. (Harub, 2003). Two contradicting theories on the origin of language are the Theory of Natural Selection and the Exaptation Theory. The Exaptation Theory simply put is when a body part is used for another purpose other than for which it was originally intended. An example of this theory is the feathers of a bird which is basically used to cover its body but later is made to glide and trap insects with. The brain processes from its cognitive structures were used by pre-historic ancestors to hunt and gather food. Language depends on cognitive processes and could have been possibly exapted in much the same way as the feathers. The Natural Selection Theory on the other hand provides that our language skills may have been from the brain structures that our ancestors may have possessed in their time. Brains have two neural pathways used for language and cognition. Humans use the ventral stream or pathway for linguistics. While both humans and non-humans, such as the chimps, possess the same neural makeup it is only the humans who have language. Cromm, 2003). Another theory of origin of language is the Theory of a Proto-Language. There are several stages in this theory: (1) the gesture-prior to-sound stage where body language is combined with sound. An example would be the index finger pressed on the lips with a hush sound, is a request to be quiet. (2) words-prior to-sentence stage where single words are connected with others to form a sentence and convey a thought or idea. I / have / three / red / apples are five separate words that connect to form a sentence and convey the thought about possessing three red fruits. 3) phrases-prior to-words stage is where a phrase with a single idea and each word is taken apart individually. An example is: a high and majestic mountain. Individual words are – high / majestic / mountain. The Proto-Language is original, distinct and has no precedent language. (AMNH, 2008). Different linguists each had their own theories. Jean Aitchison, author of â€Å"The Seeds of Speech† believed that physiologically, the human brain which had grown bigger in size than his primate ancestors’, made man capable of developing speech and language. John McCrone who supported the Evolution Theory of Language, was of the opinion that man was able to speak because they descended from the apes who themselves were able to speak when they found enough food to feed their enormous brains. Michael Corballis in his book â€Å"From Hand to Mouth: The Origin of Landscape† theorized that it was a gradual development for language, beginning with gesturing from the apes. With the bipedal hominids language evolved to a more complex body movement. Syntax and melodic sounds were the later developments with the emergence of the larger-brained homos. With the homo sapiens it was a combination of gestures and vocals, the gestures as enhancement and not as foundation. Carl Zimmer, another evolutionist, emphasized that the timeline of the origin and development of language can not be specifically traced because human skeletons leave very few significant clues. Many evolutionists maintain that languages today must have originated from only one ancient language characterized by different animal grunts and sounds. The development of language was a natural and not an intentional process. Noam Chromsky the eminent linguist from MIT, explained that different languages that we have now came from a common and universal language and that the human brains has a fixed and exclusive structure for language. (Harub, 2003). There are several other theories on the origin of language: Theory 1, it may have begun with the use of ordinary symbols to refer to significant objects. A scoop of earth refers to the land, a leaf to the tree, a drop of water to the rain. Theory 2, it may have originated from hand and body movements. One’s palm on one’s heart means me or I, pointing at whatever object means that object. Theory 3, it may have come from the imitation of the sounds of nature, like the splash of water, howling of the wind, the bark of the dog, Theory 4, it may have been from the emotive sounds of natural instinct and reaction, like grrr from anger, ahhh for satisfaction or comprehension, hmmm for agreement. Theory 6, it may have been because of the use of sounds to correspond to intended meanings, like long vowel sounds of o for moon and long e for creek, tree, sea. Theory 7, it may have originated from the grunts due to heavy loads, rhythmic monotones of work accompanied by gestures seeking assistance, like hand signals waving towards the one asking help as he makes the repetitive sounds of ugh ugh ugh. Theory 8, it may have been from words that were almost musical, uttered in cooing such as uhuhmm hmmm hummm hmmm, and laughter like hahahaha, hahahaaa. Theory 8, it came from sounds to advise or make known one’s presence as in yahooo, or to cry out for help as in heyyy. Theory 9, it originated from magical chants from religious rituals, similar to the Maori wish of good health (kia ora ra) and welcome (haere mai). Theory 10, it was an invention of some ancestors when they assigned certain sounds to mean certain things, beating of the drums to gather people. (Boeree, 2003). Michael C. Corballis made note of the stages of development of language. The earliest began over 6 million years ago with the apes and their simple body language as their means of communicating. This developed into a more complicated body gestures with the hominids. During this period sounds were used only in extreme cases as in highly emotional cries and distress calls. 5 million years back, a more sophisticated form of hand gestures by the early hominids were used. 2 million years ago, researches found an increase in the brain size of the homos believed to be the reason of the human’s higher development and facility in language. Vocals became permanent in communication and gestures were a good part of grammar. 100,000 years ago, speaking was in its fully developed stage that it became the main means of communication by homo sapiens. Gesturing was still in use but only as an embellishment. In the modern times with telecommunications technology verbal language become routine and common. It is interesting to note that in the advent of modern technology, with the shift from manual signals to spoken language, man is able to use his hands to work and his mind and vocals to communicate. (cited in Science Week, 2004). The search for the origin of language remains to be a continuing quest for scholars. Researches always lead to the theory of evolution. There is no way to know exactly when language began and where language came from. Scientific evidences such as fossils, DNA, comparative studies on animals and ancient languages can only provide clues but not enough traces. For a while, in 1866 the Society of Paris, the prominent academic language institute of the era, had given up in finding out more about language’s origin. It was taken as a retreat from the battle but not for long. To this day, forward thinkers such as the evolutionists are convinced that they must find convincing proof in the upcoming theories that should attempt to answer the query on the origin of language.

Story of Joe Odd Interpretation essays

Story of Joe Odd Interpretation essays This is the story of Joe Odd, written by a mentally ill patient in a secure mental asylum. It is possible to pick out several psychological themes, these of which I intend to assess. The story of Joe Odd is clearly a case of social In and Out groups, where in society groups emerge where people have more influence than others. Clear evidence from the text proves my statement: People who lived in the boxes thought Joe was very strange because they all watched television. At first they said, ...why dont you live in a house like us? but Joe didnt want to. So they broke his windows and made up bad stories about him We can learn from this extract above that there is an element of labeling, and the fact that poor Joe Odd once labeled, is prone to increased labeling. Labeling is a very powerful which tends to stick to that person it has been attached (unless he/she adapts to the social norms which society labeled that person with.) Then another social worker wrote a report about how Joe had lived in a hut with the door and windows barred up. So the doctor hung another label round his neck saying Persecution Complex...and gave him some pills because they made him feel better, Joe didnt like the pills because they made him feel strange, and he wouldnt take them, so the doctor hunt an Unco-operative label round his neck. From this extract we can assume that Joe Odd thought negative of himself due to the excess labeling, and ended up believe himself as a stereotypical being. One night he thought he heard a voice in his head saying, ...come with me. I know a beautiful place, come with me... I cant. Im very ill; cant you see all these labels round my neck? (Joe Odd) Joe Odd believed himself to be out of ...

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II The final ship of the Colorado-class of battleship, USS West Virginia (BB-48) entered service in 1923. Though built at Newport News, VA, it became a fixture in the Pacific for the majority of its career. West Virginia was present at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, when the  Japanese attacked. Struck by seven torpedoes and two bombs, the battleship sank at its berth and later had to be refloated. Following temporary repairs, West Virginia was sent to Puget Sound Navy Yard in May 1943 for a large-scale modernization program. Emerging in July 1944, West Virginia rejoined the fleet and participated in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific before taking part in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. In the engagement, it, and several other Pearl Harbor survivors, exacted revenge on Japanese. Though sustaining a kamikaze hit on April 1, 1945 while supporting the invasion of Okinawa, West Virginia remained in position off the island. The battleship remained active through the end of hostilities. Design The fifth and last edition of Standard-type battleship  (Nevada, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Tennessee) designed for the US Navy, the Colorado-class was a continuation of the preceding series of vessels. Developed prior to the construction of the Nevada-class, the Standard-type approach called for vessels that had common operational and tactical traits. These included the use of oil-fired boilers rather than coal and the employment of an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor scheme. This protection method called for critical parts of the battleship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored. In addition, Standard-type battleships were to have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less and a minimum top speed of 21 knots.    Though largely similar to the preceding Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class instead mounted eight 16 guns in four twin turrets rather than twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets. The US Navy had been advocating the use of 16 guns for several years and after successful tests of the weapon, conversations began regarding their use on the earlier Standard-type designs. This did not move forward due to the cost involved in changing these designs and increasing their tonnage to carry the new guns. In 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels reluctantly permitted the use of 16 guns on the condition that the new class not incorporate any other major design changes. The Colorado-class also mounted a secondary battery of twelve to fourteen 5 guns and an anti-aircraft armament of four 3 guns.    Construction The fourth and final ship of the class, USS West Virginia (BB-48) was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding on April 12, 1920. Construction moved forward and on November 19, 1921, it slid down the ways with Alice W. Mann, daughter of West Virginia coal magnate Isaac T. Mann, serving as sponsor. After another two years of work, West Virginia was completed and entered commission on December 1, 1923, with Captain Thomas J. Senn in command.   USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Newport News Shipbuilding CorporationLaid Down:  April 12, 1920Launched:  November 19, 1921Commissioned:  December 1, 1923Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  33,590  tonsLength:  624  ft.Beam:  97.3 ft.Draft:  30  ft., 6 in.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,407  men Armament (as built) 8 Ãâ€" 16  in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 2)12  Ãƒâ€" 5 in. guns4 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Completing its shakedown cruise, West Virginia departed New York for Hampton Roads. While underway, issues emerged with the battleships steering gear. This underwent repairs at Hampton Roads and West Virginia attempted to put to sea again on June 16, 1924.   While moving through Lynnhaven Channel, it grounded following another equipment failure and the use of inaccurate charts. Undamaged, West Virginia again underwent repairs to its steering gear before departing for the Pacific. Reaching the West Coast, the battleship became flagship of the Battleship Divisions of the Battle Fleet on October 30. West Virginia would serve a stalwart of the Pacific battleship force for the next decade and a half.   The following year, West Virginia joined other elements of the Battle Fleet for a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand. Moving through routine peacetime training and exercises during the late 1920s, the battleship also entered the yard to have its anti-aircraft defenses enhanced and the addition of two aircraft catapults. Rejoining the fleet, West Virginia continued it normal operations. Deploying to Hawaiian waters in April 1940 for Fleet Problem XXI, which simulated a defense of the islands, West Virginia and the rest of the fleet were retained in the area due to increasing tensions with Japan. As a result, the Battle Fleets base was shifted to Pearl Harbor. Late the following year, West Virginia was one of a select number of ships to receive the new RCA CXAM-1 radar system. Pearl Harbor On the morning of December 7, 1941, West Virginia was moored along Pearl Harbors Battleship Row, outboard of USS Tennessee (BB-43), when the Japanese attacked and pulled the United States into World War II. In a vulnerable position with its port side exposed, West Virginia sustained seven torpedo hits (six exploded) from Japanese aircraft. Only rapid counter-flooding by the battleships crew prevented it from capsizing. The damage from the torpedoes was exacerbated by two armor-piercing bomb hits as well as a massive oil fire started following the explosion of USS Arizona (BB-39) which was moored aft. Severely damaged, West Virginia sank upright with little more than its superstructure above the water. In the course of that attack, the battleships commander, Captain  Mervyn S. Bennion, was mortally wounded. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his defense of the ship.    Rebirth In the weeks after the attack, efforts to salvage West Virginia commenced. After patching the massive holes in the hull, the battleship was refloated on May 17, 1942 and later moved to Drydock Number One.   As work commenced 66 bodies were found trapped in the hull. Three located in a storeroom appear to have survived until at least December 23. After extensive repairs to the hull, West Virginia departed for Puget Sound Navy Yard on May 7, 1943. Arriving, it underwent a modernization program that dramatically altered the battleships appearance. This saw the construction of a new superstructure which included trunking the two funnels into one, a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament, and elimination of the old cage masts. In addition, the hull was widened to 114 feet which precluded it from passing through the Panama Canal. When complete, West Virginia looked more similar to the modernized Tennessee-class battleships than those from its own Colorado-class. Return to Combat Completed in early July 1944, West Virginia conducted sea trials out of Port Townsend, WA before steaming south for a shakedown cruise at San Pedro, CA. Completing training later in the summer, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on September 14. Pressing on to Manus, West Virginia became flagship of Rear Admiral Theodore Ruddocks Battleship Division 4. Departing on October 14 with Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Task Group 77.2, the battleship made its return to combat operations four days later when it began bombarding targets on Leyte in the Philippines.   Covering the landings on Leyte, West Virginia provided naval gunfire support for the troops ashore.   When the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf began, West Virginia and Oldendorfs other battleships moved south to guard the Surigao Strait. Meeting the enemy on the night of October 24, the American battleships crossed the Japanese T and sank two Japanese battleships (Yamashiro Fuso) and a heavy cruiser  (Mogami). Following the battle, the Wee Vee as it was known to its crew, withdrew to Ulithi and then to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.   While there, the battleship entered a floating dry dock to repair damage sustained to one of its screws during operations off Leyte.   Returning to action in the Philippines, West Virginia covered landings on Mindoro and served as part of the anti-aircraft screen for transports and other ships in the area. On January 4, 1945, it took on the crew of the escort carrier USS  Ommaney Bay which was sunk by kamikazes. A few days later, West Virginia commenced shore bombardment of targets in the San Fabian area of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. It remained in this area until February 10.   Okinawa Moving to Ulithi, West Virginia joined the 5th Fleet and quickly replenished in order to take part in the invasion of Iwo Jima. Arriving on February 19 as the initial landings were underway, the battleship quickly assumed a position offshore and commenced striking Japanese targets. It continued to support operations ashore until March 4 when it departed for the Caroline Islands. Assigned to Task Force 54, West Virginia sailed to support the invasion of Okinawa on March 21. On April 1, while covering the Allied landings, the battleship sustained a kamikaze hit which killed 4 and wounded 23. As the damage to West Virginia was not critical, it remained on station. Steaming north with TF54 on April 7, the battleship sought to block Operation Ten-Go which included the Japanese battleship Yamato. This effort was halted by American carrier planes before TF54 arrived. Resuming its naval gunfire support role, West Virginia stayed off Okinawa until April 28 when it departed for Ulithi.   This break proved brief and the battleship quickly returned to the battle area where it remained until end of the campaign in late June.   Following training in Leyte Gulf in July, West Virginia returned to Okinawa in early August and soon learned of the end of hostilities. Steaming north, the battleship was present in Tokyo Bay on September 2 for the formal Japanese surrender. Embarking passengers for the United States twelve days later, West Virginia touched at Okinawa and Pearl Harbor before reaching San Diego on October 22. Final Actions After taking part in Navy Day festivities, West Virginia sailed for Pearl Harbor on October 30 to serve in Operation Magic Carpet. Tasked with returning American servicemen to the United States, the battleship made three runs between Hawaii and the West Coast before receiving orders to proceed to Puget Sound. Arriving, on January 12, West Virginia commenced activities to deactivate the vessel. A year later on January 9, 1947, the battleship was decommissioned and placed in reserve. West Virginia remained in mothballs until being sold for scrap on August 24, 1959.

Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez - Essay Example Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez He has been the recipient of various â€Å"Honorius causa† Degrees from renowned Universities across the world such as Harvard University, Sorbonne University and Seton Hall University. Leonel Fernandez, though a democratic and progressive leader, turned a blind eye to corruption by his friends. This is a position paper on Leonel Fernandez. The Dominican Republic has been through ups and downs during the two terms overseen by Fernandez. Fernandez’s first term, stretching from 1996 to 2000 marked the arrival of democracy as a practice in the Dominican Republic after the previous President Joaquin Balaguer, who had been a reputed strong man ruling for the past four decades, died (BBC 1). Leonel Fernandez appealed to politicians beyond the traditional lines, which helped bring much-respected independents in his government. Leonel Fernandez recaptured power in the year 2004 with the hopes of the country on him to reprise a failing economy. Sure enough, the president stabili zed the declining economy and restored it to aggressive growth. However, the politics that have dogged his administration have been less of an inspiration with the government run by party men and mired in some corruption scandals. Like the neighboring country of Haiti, the poorer populace of the Dominican Republic feels the pressure of high global prices for food. Fernandez reacted to this by implementing subsidies for chicken, rice, wheat and milk, to be paid to the supermarkets, directly, by the government. (The Economist 1). While these measures proved politically effective, his opponents were worried about its cost to the national government. An agreement reached by the Dominican Republic and IMF in 2008 helped to fund various projects in the country including the new metro station in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic. The government of Leonel Fernandez also did make some progress on fixing the Dominican Republic’s deficient system of electricity distribution. Approximately 30% of the nation’s power supply is stolen, lower than the previous half (The Economist 1). However, his government largely failed in streamlining the key sector, with the state holding company, for exam ple, employing approximately two thousand workers to carry out the work of twenty or thirty. Mr. Fernandez, though, stood by the underperforming boss, Radames Segura. While the Dominican Republic government uses oil-fired stations, they guarantee a fixed price of electricity. High crude prices saw the CDEEE’s subsidy rise to the point where it exceeded one billion dollars. Despite these shortcomings, Leonel Fernandez was a more charismatic and decisive leader when compared to Hipolito Mejia. For one, he is more likable by comparison, with his campaigns being more interactive and being feted almost like a top baseball player, normally wearing a baseball cap (Goble 1). Regardless of his use of public machinery like the police during his campaigns, he still managed to remain a cut above them without any of them accusing him of abuse of office or personal corruption. Even, as he relapsed into a Balaguer-like president, his people still stood by him, showing his admirable charisma . Politically, Leonel Fernandez outshone his main opponent back then. However, even with the manner in which Leonel Fernandez turned a blind eye

Has grammar teaching ever really gone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Has grammar teaching ever really gone - Essay Example It has been argued further that linguists should be additionally responsive towards the relations among their research and the school syllabus (Weaver, 1996, p. 321). Grammar plays a key role not only in English language but also in every language around the globe. Although there are still altered beliefs regarding the significance as well as outcome of the grammar education, the majority of educators put a lot more importance to the grammar teaching within the foreign language education. As a result, for a long period, the grammar teaching has been considered as the major factor for the second language education. Some studies recommend teaching grammar by using the method of deduction. After describing the grammar rules comprehensively, educators in learning courses order students to keep the rules in mind and combine them by paraphrasing approach (Weaver, 1996, p. 332). It is based on the oral language education and view sentence as the component, as a result generating language tradition naturally via reproducing, rehearsing, as well as committing it to memory. The purpose of using cognitive method is the significant education along with practice. While applying cognitive approach to any foreign language, one can notice that it takes over the distinctive features of grammar teaching highlighted in the ‘Grammar Translation Method’. However, it pays no attention to the negative aspects of over-stressing syntactic rules and heavily overly depending on translation. Often CLT classes are inclined to overlook more or less every aspect of a language apart from speaking. Grammar is overlooked, articulation is overlooked, terminology is overlooked, and reading as well as writing is also overlooked. The most unpleasant situation is the result of devastating neglect of grammar during CLT classes. It plainly supported by operational importance. However, simultaneously, it still

The Discursive Management of Financial Risk Scandals Case Study

The Discursive Management of Financial Risk Scandals - Case Study Example Hamilton (2003) attributed Enron’s failure to a culture of conceit that led the society in general and economists in specific to buy the idea that it had the capacity to handle complex corporate risks in a successful manner. As such, Enron’s corporate culture was less concerned about advancing the ethics of respect and honesty. These important values were overlooked in a systematic process which saw the firm shift its focus to the doctrine of subsidiarity and maximization of profits at any cost. By keeping each Enron division autonomous from the others, Hamilton (2003) noted that the financial manipulators and their closest internal associates only were aware of the bigger picture of Enron’s financial position. I agree with Hamilton on the reasons for Enron’s downfall. This is especially true considering that overreliance on decentralization by a large company in an environment where there are inadequate operational and pecuniary controls is normally associated with failure. In addition, the seemingly diverted, hands-off company board including the chairman was a recipe for financial failure, as they could not initiate adequate checks and balances on the executive managers such as Skilling (Ailon, 2012). As a consequence, the accounting staffs, auditors, and company lawyers equally failed in their mandates. Eventually, the company’s complex financial records became so confusing to the public, the shareholders and even the spin-doctors, hence the failure. In spite of Enron’s dramatic move to formally admit bankruptcy in 2001, the failure did not occur by accident. According to Temple (2014), there were several presuppositions to the event including a business culture that spawned greed and scam while maintaining cosmetic value rather than real value. Following the  merger, the company’s assets tremendously expanded to an extent that it was ranked seventh among the top-ten American companies in terms of revenue. Managing the massive assets usually does not want any form of risky investments and misrepresentation of financial statements as Enron did before its collapse.  

Migratory Behavior of Mallard Ducks Essay Example for Free

Migratory Behavior of Mallard Ducks Essay There are four fundamental decisions that most animals make when it comes to mechanisms of adaptation: where to live, how to gather food, how to avoid predators, and what tactics to use to reproduce (Alcock, 1993). Habitat preferences in animals require satisfying their needs (ignoring or actively avoiding others, nutritional needs to perform growth, development and reproduction) at the same time experiencing higher fitness than those unable to settle in the favored habitat. There were also several hypothesis presented which correlates habitat preference and fitness. The seasonal dispersion of some animals like ducks is a costly business in terms of energetic expenses and risk to exposure to predators. On the other hand, considering dispersal cost, animals that do not respond to dispersion pay the price of deterioration due to the inability to adapt to the prevailing ecological conditions. Considering the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis (Ralls et. al, 1979), on ducks in particular, Mallard ducks may have migrated then for the purpose of expanding their genetic pool by interbreeding with Anas rubipes a close relative of the Anas playrynhos. The costly dispersal of Mallards may have been to avoid inbreeding depression primary of which is to circumvent the expression of damaging recessive alleles resulting from the mating of two closely related mates of the same species. This further correlates with the mate competition hypothesis (Moore and Ali, 1984), which states that males tend to fight against one another for mates therefore looser find it more energy efficient to seek closely related species to which they may successfully mate. When mating season is over, male disperses to avoid their daughters when these female become sexually mature. Animals engage into energetically exhaustive activity trying to complete the course of their journey to attain its fundamental goals. As the animal arrives to its destination, the issue of territoriality always comes to mind whenever a new species is introduced into a new environment and every time the visitor interacts with the native. While other animals ignore or tolerate the presence of a new species in its territory, others are extraordinarily aggressive in defending their territory from intruders. Territoriality among animals contributes to reproductive successes or failure to the contrary which further leads to interspecific competition. If suitable breeding sites really are short of supply, then one should be able to find non-territorial, non-breeding, individuals in populations of territorial animals. If this is so, the niche similarity of the visitors to the native may introduce interspecific competition with the available supplies. Territoriality may also influence the reproductive success of these visitors as it was found by Dhondt and Schillemans (1983). Territorial animals may invade the nesting sites of migratory birds which may lead to decreased viability and clutch. The ability of birds to fly and survive various environmental conditions has led to their development over time. Seasonal migration of mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos) has been one of the intriguing aspects of its behavior. This behavior has been influenced mainly by several factors such as foraging (Heitmeyer, 2006), competition (Mc Auley, et al. , 2004), reproductive behaviors (Hill, 1984) which also includes the preservation of nesting sites, and interbreeding (Brodsky, 1989) and seasonal weather conditions (Ridgill, et al. , 1990 in D. Hill, 1992, Whyte Bolen, 1984, Poiani Johnson, 1991). Statement of the Problem From previous articles, it has been reported that Mallard ducks are reoccupying old territories throughout the United States and Canada (Talent, et. al. , 1983). From this observation, it can be inferred that various ecological changes in both habitat and inhabitants may take place. Since mallard ducks in this regard are annual visitors in these habitats, the temporary habitation of previous and new territories may significantly affect native animal species. With the combined hypothesis that Mallard ducks migrate from previously occupied territories due to overlapping conditions which may occupy new territories due to insufficiency of the previous, the study will assess the behavioral patterns of Mallard ducks towards returning to previous foraging territories and establishing new foraging regions (migratory routes) outside of their original habitats, specifically the study will address four major areas of concern. 1. What behavior of the Anas playrynchos determines the suitability of a habitat to be considered sufficient which helps it decide to inhabit previous foraging territories and new regions outside of their original habitats? 2. What behavioral mechanism will the Anas platyrynchos exhibit upon visiting a previous foraging territory and new regions outside of their original habitats if a highly territorial organisms was encountered upon landing? 3. What general behavioral model applies during the interaction of two closely related species (Anas rubipes and Anas platyrynchos) occupying the same niche in terms of: a. Reproductive tactics b. Foraging preferences c. Territoriality 4. What chances that the introduction of less territorial animal may cause significant adaptive stress (competitive stress) to a more territorial species? Hypotheses It is hypothesized that there is no significant differences in the previously reported behavioral mechanisms in Anas platyrynchos that helps it determine to decide on its habitat preferences. Alternatively, Anas platyrynchos establishes new migratory routes due to impending factors such as avoidance of predators, seasonal weather conditions, reproductive tactics and foraging preferences. Else, Anas platyrynchos establishes new migratory route or return to previous foraging areas due to certain conditions such as habitat destruction, scarcity of supplies needed to reproduce, and extreme territoriality between natives and migrants. Experimental Design In order to test these hypotheses, the study will be divided into two phases: the in vivo phase and in vitro phase. At the in vitro phase, groups of experimental populations of Mallard ducks will be placed in a study area which will allow observation of significant behavioral patterns relevant to foraging, reproductive tactics/quality such as mate preference, clutch size, egg size and viability, and interspecific competition. Two species of closely related species of ducks the Anas rubipes (native, will be allowed to acclimatize until such time that they one or two reproductive cycles have been achieved) and Anas platyrynchos (introduced species, will be introduced only after the native have been acclimatized well) will be situated in the same habitat which will be observed for close interaction. Behavioral patterns on mate preferences and competitive exclusion will be observed by on-site observation using a hidden observation platform. Foraging preferences will be looked upon by collection and analysis of droppings from both species. Geographical invasion of feeding territories will be looked upon by assigning quadrat areas which will be initially determined by the territorial preferences of both species of ducks. Territoriality will be measured by the number of times the more aggressive native will disturb the nesting sites of the migrants and the instance that the migrant will be driven away from a specific foraging site. Specific effects of such behavior will be measured by performing initial and final biometry of the two species of ducks. Decrease in biometric qualities from both adult and eggs would mean the inability to adapt into such competitive behavior. Possible effects of migrant foraging on native non-avian species will also be observed by recording the feeding activity of non-avian species living along the vicinity which might directly contribute to the promotion or disruption of the food chain brought about by the introduction of a new consumer. To observe the habitat preference of ducks with is natural behavior in its intact natural behavior, the in vivo phase will be done. Radio satellite transceivers will be wing banded on representative Anas platyrynchos through catch and tag method (including the alpha male) that are about to engage into seasonal journey to trace their possible destinations and stop-over. The result will be compared to previous annual migration data (20 years in succession or more depending on the available information) to establish a pattern supporting the behavioral mechanism that the ducks employ in selecting a habitat which sooth their preference. On site visitation of previously reported migration destinations will be surveyed to confirm habitation of previously occupied regions. Ecological evaluation and mapping of visited areas (stop-over and final destination) will be done and compared with other visited areas for specific pattern. Thorough monitoring of migration paths via remote sensing will be followed to confirm if ever there is a change in the migratory route. Conclusions will be based on the assessment of significant differences between the previously reported data and the novel information. Summary All in all, birds may move to various locations for survival. If the prevailing conditions decrease fitness, migratory ducks may move to different locations to continue to find food, reproduce and avoid predation. When the conditions increase fitness, these ducks will then return to their natal site where they will breed and raise their young. It may be that physical conditions and forces that govern the earth’s magnetic poles, hormonal changes, changing weather patterns or other various factors contribute to the birds urge to migrate to their seasonal habitats. For the purpose of this paper, the most important factor to be considered are the consequences to native animals belonging in the same niche brought about by abrupt or gradual changes in migratory routes and the resulting occupation of new or old territories. In the evolutionary perspective, animals are able to adapt into their environment mainly by employing specific behavioral mechanisms that would enable them to perfectly cope. At the event that an animal fails to establish equilibrium with its environment, serious complications arise. The study will better establish significant behavioral patterns in Mallard ducks which enable to blend in and adapt in variable habitats. Such adaptive behavior may serve as a key towards preserving animal species that are in danger of extinction simply because the adaptive behavior is not appropriate for survival. References Cited Alcock, John. 1993. Animal Behavior: an evolutionary approach, 5th ed. Sinauer Associates, USA. 279-379. Dhondt A. A. , and J. Schillemans. 1983. Reproductive success of the great tit in relation to its territorial status. Animal Behavior 31:902-912. Heitmeyer, M. E. 2006. The Importance of Winter Floods to Mallards in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Journal of Wildlife Management. Vol. 70, No. 1. pp. 101-110. Hill, David. 1992. Cold Weather Movements of Waterfowls in Western Europe. The Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 61, No. 1. Feb. , pp. 238-239. Hill, D. A. 1984. Population Regulation in the Mallard (Anas platyrynchos). Journal of Animal Ecology. 53. pp. 191-202. Mc Auley, D. G. , et. al. 2004. Dynamic use of wetlands by black Mallards: Evidence Against Competitive Exclusion. Wildlife Society Bulletin. Vol. 32. , No. 2. pp. 465-473. Poiani, K. A. , Johnson, W. C. 1991. Global Warming and Prairie Wetlands. BioScience, Vol. 41, No. 9. Oct. pp. 611-618. Talent, L. G. , et. al. 1983. Survival of Mallard Broods in South-Central North Dakota. The Condor, Vol. 85, No. 1. Feb. , 1983, pp. 74-78. Whyte, R. J. , and Bolen, E. G. 1984. Impact of Winter Stress on Mallards Body Composition. The Condor, Vol. 86, No. 4. pp. 477-482. Moore, J. , and R. Ali. 1984. Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? Animal behavior 32:94-112. Ralls, K. , et. al. 1979. Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulates. Science 206: 1101-1103.

Medical ward objectives and staffing levels

Medical ward objectives and staffing levels This is a 34 bedded medical ward admitting male patients with different conditions.The specialties are as follows: Specialties Consultant Beds Gastro-Enterology Dr. Salim AL.Harthi 6 Neurology Dr. Jaber AL.Khaburi 5 Respiratory Dr. Nasser AL.Busaidi 5 Cardiology Dr. Abdullah AL.Riyami 4 Endocrinology Dr. Noor Al.Busaidi 4 Infectious Disease Dr. Saif AL.Abri 4 Rheumatology Dr. Ramnath Misra 4 Hematology Dr.Muhana AL.Maslahi 2 Ward Objectives:- To plan, organize, implement and evaluate the nursing services to ensure that a high standard patient care is delivered within the ward. To maintain optimum professional code of conduct, practice and good staff morale of professional nurse. To maintain effective communication with patient and their relatives concerning the nature and management of clinical conditions and their outcomes. To ensure all staff have been updating their knowledge by conducting some lectures within the ward level and training programs within CPE department. To facilitate the integration of newly qualified Omani nurse into their roles and responsibilities in the tertiary medical services consistent with the national policy on Omanization and fully aware administrative roles and regulation pertaining their employment. To conduct regular staff performance appraisals to assess competency, progress, strengths, weaknesses and identify further education and training needs. To schedule and deploy sufficient numbers of staff to provide 24hrs nursing care to ensure safe clinical practice. To ensure optimum utilization of the hospital resources towards the appropriate provision of nursing services throughout the ward. Staffing Levels:- Staff levels Omani Staff Expatriates Staff Senior Junior Senior Ward Nurse 1 Staff Nurse 1 13 3 Ward Coordinator Nil Medical Orderlies 1 3 Total staff 27staff (-1staff in Female Medical 1, plan for transfer. Ward Activities:- Termination, Omanization, Transferring, Resignation and New staff:- Sr. No Ward Activities No. Of Staff Nurse Remarks 1 Termination Nil Nil 2 Omanization 2 S/N Seena affected date 01/08/2009 S/N Smitha affected date 06/09/2009 3 Transferring 3+ 1 Temporary 1 S/N Wafa Harib affect date 02/05/09 to Royal Hospital OPD S/N Suganthi affect date 02/05/09 to MM1 S/N Enci affected date 06/06/09 to FM2 + S/N Faiza affected date 01/11/09 to FM1 (Temporary) M/O Said affected date 02/05/2009 to Royal Hospital X-Ray Department 4 Resignation 1 S/N Ajitha Affected date 06/12/2009 5 New Staff 2 S/N + 1 M/O S/N Idris Al-Farsi S/N Sangoor Al-Yusufi + M/O Turki Barghash New Equipment:- 1. Glide sheet for patient turning 6/7/09 2. Our old cardiac monitor has been replaced. Activities in Male Medical Two Within Each Month:- Male Medical Two is kept for conducting the MRCP exams four times per year which always take one week; each time of these exams went so smoothly and will give as chance for tarrow clean the ward. The ward is the Disaster ward in the medical unit, all staff in the ward have good knowledge of the step how to followed in any emergency situation (of each month 1st week there is discussion Disaster matter to upgrade staff knowledge) On 13/11/2009 there was a disaster drill which has prove to us that the objective of disaster action cards are met throughout the feedback we received verbally from Nursing Administration. 2nd Week in each month kept for upgrade staff knowledge about Professional Code of Conduct by given lecture with scenarios in one of the element. 3rd Week in each month kept for upgrade staff knowledge about Medication action side effect, by lecture given by assigned staff 10-15 minutes prior to hand over of morning shift. 4th Week in each month kept for upgrade staff knowledge about Firewast management by lecture given by assigned staff 10-15 minutes prior to hand over of morning shift. Ongoing monitoring is being done on:- Nursing Records Auditing which we are doing since July 2001. Daily patient Fall Assessment Score. Wound care assessment. Daily followed screening for any infection (MRSAMDRAB) Daily followed Nursing process which started on 2nd September 2002. Discharge planning started on October 2002 Monthly Environmental Audit. Six Month report. Education, Training and Quality Management for 2009 SR Courses 2009 No of S/N completed Remark 1 Ward Management 1 3 2 High Dependency 3 3 3 Pain Management 4 22 4 ECG interpretation 1 11 5 Preceptor ship 3 23 Upgrade their knowledge by refreshment preceptor workshop. 6 IV Therapy Drug Calculation 28(All staff) 7 IV Cannulation 7 We are following up with other 8 staff practice cannulation till they are competent. 8 Wound stoma care 3 4 They are helping to teach other staff in the ward level and follow up the care about wounds. 9 Post Kidney Transplant 1 1 10 Recertification BCLS 28(All staff) Every 2 years 11 Manual Handling 23 Other 5staff who are joining MM2 in last 3years they are learn more about it from senior staff during work. 12 Physical Assessment 3 6 Recertification of BCLS and management of Cardiac Arrest:- All of nurses certified more than 2 years ago have been recertified. Nurses within the ward has been assessed for their competency in management of cardiac arrest at the ward level in recognizing cardiopulmonary arrest, move rapidly towards Life saving. The plan for ward basic CPR within Ward level, which aim to check the staff competency with it. Strategic Plan for next year:- To continue the ward activities, upgrade the standard of care and services to the patient. To plan, organize, implement and evaluate the nursing services to ensure that a high quality patient care is delivered within the ward level. To maintain optimum Professional Code of conduct, practice and good staff morale of professional nurse. To ensure all staff has been updating their knowledge by conducting different courses in CPE and some lectures within the ward level regarding cases, medication and infection control. To finalize Endoscopy Procedure Brochure this is made by staff in Male Medical Two. To continue give first priority for CPE program courses to Omani staff to improve their competencies and skills. Plan to give 3 lecture within medical unit by our staff regarding (fall prevention, CVP care and medication calculation during emergence). Done by :- Saif AL.Ghuzaili